If you open the window, there may be markings or other information visible which will identify the profile (the lengths of material the window is made from). This isn't the manufacturer though - profiles are used by many different manufacturers.
Hinges and handles likewise - there are many different manufacturers.
If the glass is misted, the sealed unit will have to be replaced.
The rubber seals which seal the opening part of the window can be purchased. There are lots of different types.
Hinges, locks and the glass can be adjusted to ensure the window opens/closes properly, but if there is a 1cm gap when closed, this suggests new hinges will be required at least, it could also indicate other more serious problems which might not be repairable.
Screw cap - if you mean the bit that covers the fixing screw for the handle, this is usually just a thin piece of metal/plastic which is glued over the screw hole.
measure the length of the hinge, probaly be 12 inch, the holes do not matter just get self cutting screws and make a new hole( but make sure the hinge goes on in the same place otherwise it will either hit the frame when you shut it or won't shut.
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