the Chubb 3R35 works like that.
It is not very cheap.
You can double-lock it, whereupon the handle is also locked (so, e.g. if someone smashes the glass they can't open it by turning the handle)
You will find one on the front door of almost every High Street bank, and my house.
It is a large mortice lock.
It has the Chubb 5-detainer mechanism, and you can have it suited with other locks in that range (e.g. with the deadlock on your front door) so you can open them all with the same key.
It is quite an old design, and although it is very strong and resistant to picking, it does not have the BS Kitemark. the heavy steel latch does not protrude as far as modern BS locks, so you need the door and frame to be a good close fit (if not, you may be able to take up the gap by not recessing the staple into the frame)
On a back door it is usual to supplement the lock with Rack Bolts top and bottom.
Here is a pic of one opened up for inspection, also the special handle set (you don't have to use this, you can fit an ordinary knob inside, but the special handle includes a snib to hold back the latch to prevent the door locking itself if e.g. it blows shut while you are getting the milk in.
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If you want to buy one I might be able to help.