if the d/wrs sold in the US market are similar to my Bosch, you can get to the pump by tipping the machine over - all the mechanisms are underneath. On mine the pump is visible when you do this, and you can see the hoses attached with metal clips. the pump is a replacable part - it has a non-return flap valve incorporated on one of the spigots. It comes as an electric motor with a couple of spade connections, and a plastic pump bolted to it. I would have thought there will be appliance spares companies selling them over there. I had one replaced under warranty but i think the list price was surprisingly high - something like £100 ($200). However it is a part common to a number of different brands - I think Hotpoint, Bosch, Contructa, maybe Electrolux - lots of the European ones use common parts. however it may be different in the US. look for a part no on the old one. If you can get the pump part without the motor, it should be cheaper.
Yours might be different, but you can have a look. there might be a drip tray underneath with a float switch to turn off the power in the event of leakage - mine doesn't have this but the later ones do.
If the water will not gush out when you lower the waste hose to floor level, then you must have a blockage - it will normally do this even if the pump is not running.
If you pull the waste pipe off the pump first, you can also verify if the pipe is blocked, or the pump.
p.s. push it over backwards - there are a lot of electronic parts inside the door, and you don't want to get water on them.
p.p.s. looking at your picture - we always recommend that the grey pipe should be looped up, so that the high point is above the level of the water in the sink. otherwise sink water and muck can go down the pipe towards the dishwasher when the sink plug is pulled.
p.p.p.s this is an example of a UK spares supplier, I expect you can find something similar
http://www.espares.co.uk/parts?k=bosch+pump
http://www.espares.co.uk/part/p/0/0/0/0/723337/pump-housing.html?k=bosch+dishwasher+pump