depends how skilled and confident you are, and what test instruments you have.
I'm thinking a failed MCB, or at least one, possibly two
damaged cables or loose connections. Sometimes a loose connection will burn through as it overheats. To lose all power on the ring it would probably be bad enough that you should see or smell the heat damage
Cables are most often damaged by drilling or nailing through them in a wall or floor.
What make and model is your consumer unit?
Have you got a multimeter where the insulated probes have fingerguards and just a small bit of metal showing at the pointed tip? If not, go and buy one (only about £10 in the high street). If it has, or you can get, insulated crocodile-clip ends to fit, that will also be useful but you might need a better electrical or electronics shop for these.
Are you willing to open your CU? (it is vital to turn it off first)
If you have a digital camera, it will help a lot of you post a pic of the CU, also the cables connecting it to the meter, the meter itself, the service head that supplies it, and all the cables around it.
//www.diynot.com/forums/viewtopic.php?t=129539
If there are any stickers on the CU, a picture so we can read them may also give useful information.
Preferably do this before you open it.
BTW if you ever remove or refit an MCB, always wind out the busbar-fixing screw as far as it will go. A mistake that sometimes happens is to fit them so that the busbar is not gripped properly when they are tightened as it has not gone in right.