Comparison with multiple circulator pumps
Multiple zones can be implemented using either multiple, individually controlled circulator pumps or a single pump and multiple zone valves. Each approach has advantages and disadvantages.
Multiple pump system
Advantages:
Lower total cost of ownership when zone valve failure and repair costs are taken into account.
More robust and reliable system.
Simple mechanical and control design ("SPST thermostats")
Redundancy: If one zone pump fails, the others can remain working
Far superior method of linking multiple heat sources. Such as gas and solid fuel in one system.
Disadvantages:
Higher initial installation cost. Circulator pumps cost more than zone valves
Higher power consumption. Operating circulators draw more power any time the zone is actively heating. Zone valves, by comparison, draw little power at any time and many designs only draw power while in transition from open to close or vice-versa.
Zone valve system
Advantages:
Lower initial installation cost.
Lower power consumption.
Ease of maintenance certain models.
Disadvantages:
Zone valves are inherently more unreliable and prone to a very high failure rate. Zone valves operated by electric timing motors aren't "fail safe" (failing to the "open" condition).
No inherent redundancy for the pump. A zone-valved system is dependent upon a single circulator pump. If it fails, the system becomes completely inoperable.
The system can be harder to design, requiring both "SPDT" thermostats or relays and the ability of the system to withstand the fault condition whereby all zone valves are closed simultaneously.
Zone valve system
Advantages:
Lower initial installation cost.
Lower power consumption.
Ease of maintenance certain models.
Disadvantages:
Zone valves are inherently more unreliable and prone to a very high failure rate. Zone valves operated by electric timing motors aren't "fail safe" (failing to the "open" condition).
No inherent redundancy for the pump. A zone-valved system is dependent upon a single circulator pump. If it fails, the system becomes completely inoperable.
The system can be harder to design, requiring both "SPDT" thermostats or relays and the ability of the system to withstand the fault condition whereby all zone valves are closed simultaneously.