Sometimes, but not often, and a very long time ago. So, how old is the house? And is it an ex-council property? Asbestos products were completely banned in the UK construction industry at the end of 1999, but they started to phase them out from the late 1980s onwards and I can't recall asbestos plaster additives being used in my working lifetime (about 50 years, but that isn't to say they weren't) IMHO asbestos was more commonly used in council properties/publicly owned housing than private builds and you generally won't find asbestos in lime plaster (lath and plaster was common until the late 1920s/early 1930s when it started to be replaced by plasterboard and gypsum plaster). So age of building and provenance are significant indicators.
If in doubt, get the materials tested, but also consider a less dusty approach, such as a grinder + dust hood + class M extractor, a wall chaser × class M extractor or an SDS drill (hammer stop) + Armeg chasing chisel, all with appropriate (P3) masking and it needs be hire in kit or you'll have plaster dust in every room of the house