The corded one had an earth contact, but the adapter block doesn't for some strange reason.
Yes, that is interesting - I generally use the cord with earth contact.
Also of interest, when I'm plugging in the speakers, if I touch the contacts on the jack plug and touch the case of the MacBook Pro then there's "quite a hum".
And at some point, I noticed I was getting what felt a bit like touching hot metal where my hands rested on the palm rest - I then realised it was an electrical "tingling" when I was using the unearthed "duckhead*" adapter.
I've just done a quick check - done it before but forgot the result.
With earthed lead, 0.0<something>V AC between computer case and case of another one on the same socket - tiny but still enough to create hum on amplified speakers. With duckhead, about 77V AC
Having been inside a couple of Apple PSUs (to repair cables and so on), I'm not surprised. There's a metal screen around the PSU connected to that non-standard earth 'button', and I can't remember whether the output negative is connected to it.
EDIT: Just checked. There's about 1kΩ between earth button and output. And there's no double-insulated symbol.
I have been tempted to pop into the Apple Store some time I'm in Manchester, with a voltmeter, and ask how having a case at 77V AC complies with safety regs ? OK, the available current is tiny, but isn't there a voltage limit for exposed metalwork ?
Mind you, the way Apple behave, they'd probably claim it's a patented feature
* That's what they appear to call them in the US - the two prongs of their adapter look a bit like the bill of a duck, with the adapter as the ducks head.