G-ness isn’t much to do with radio waves. Radio waves are the road; they don’t really change or advance, they’re just a way of getting info from one place to another
G (generations) represent more like cars, and are advancements in technology. If you look at the progression of car technology from 100 years ago, around conception, to today, it’s a massive leap. Everything about a 1920s car vs a 2020s car is changed; modern cars are faster, more economical, less environmentally impactful, more comfortable, go further, better explain themselves..
1G cars had a guy carrying a flag walking in front, they were large, slow, took up all the road, and fortunately not many people owned one so it didn’t matter that they were inefficient in every way
5G cars (let’s pick on Tesla; they’re always doing stupid coordinatory stuff) could conceivably fill a multi lane motorway all doing 100mph an inch off each others bumpers, using their onboard sensors and inter-vehicles comms capabilities to move as one, the lead one needs to slow, communicates to all the others to all simultaneously brake so there isn’t a crash
We’re getting better and better at the coordination, and sharing of the same radio wave(road space) and finding ever smarter ways to pack more info in
1G you just got the whole lane to yourself; no one else could transmit/drive if you were using it. Some radio use still works this way; aircraft traffic, FM radio.. You can’t have two users on the same frequency at the same time
Give you an easy to understand example of 2G, and one of its iteration over 1G, which used something called time division multiplexing. It allowed multiple conversations at the same time, on the same frequency channel. In essence a phone would store up everything you said in a certain time period (let’s say a second; it was much faster than that but we need to make the numbers easy), convert it to a digital compressed form 1/8th the size, wait for its time slot on the network, transmit then stop transmitting until its next slot. Your phone this bursted 1 second of your conversation into the first 1/8th of a second, my phone took the second slot, your mate’s phone took the third and so on, and they all stayed perfectly in sync, only listening and talking at the right time so they shared a slot. It’s like having two radio stations on the same channel, and both DJs talk and play their records at 2X speed, but on anlterbatibg 1 second periods, and you turn your radio on and off, on and off to align with the station you want.
You’ll hear the whole song/talk, with gaps, and if you can mentally(or have a device to) slow down the 2X speed to 1x, it will eliminate the gaps and make it sound right. I’ll do the same but on the other station and my radio is on when yours is off and vice cersa.
G-ness is finding better and better ways to use the radio waves to shift information and every iteration builds on the last, sometimes going back to old ideas in new ways (5G antennas can beam signals towards users, which essentially increases capacity by physically carving up the geography)