One factor I forgot to add ...
At my last job we had instantaneous heaters for the sinks in toilets and kitchens. They were both wasteful and dangerous - and I'm not sure that's something that could be easily fixed without changing the laws of physics - or using the sort of heater that we shudder to see.
If not used for a while, much like combi boilers, takes a while to get hot water - during which you are wasting water and also energy as some of that water is partially heated.
Then it's got heated up and tap is turned off. Next thing, there's expletives in the air as scolding hot water comes out - and the water gets wasted till it's cool enough to use.
Then, for good measure, the overheat stat has been tripped - and so the water goes cold again till it resets.
These were 9kW BTW.
Small stored heat units under the sink avoid these problems - but take up space and have restricted capacity.
At my last job we had instantaneous heaters for the sinks in toilets and kitchens. They were both wasteful and dangerous - and I'm not sure that's something that could be easily fixed without changing the laws of physics - or using the sort of heater that we shudder to see.
If not used for a while, much like combi boilers, takes a while to get hot water - during which you are wasting water and also energy as some of that water is partially heated.
Then it's got heated up and tap is turned off. Next thing, there's expletives in the air as scolding hot water comes out - and the water gets wasted till it's cool enough to use.
Then, for good measure, the overheat stat has been tripped - and so the water goes cold again till it resets.
These were 9kW BTW.
Small stored heat units under the sink avoid these problems - but take up space and have restricted capacity.