When water migrates through masonary walls, it picks up minerals that are soluble in water on it's way through.
When the water gets to the surface of the wall, then it evaporates and leaves those dissolved minerals behind as a white salt. We call that white powdery stain "efflourescence", and Google should be able to find plenty of info about it for you.
It's also an indication that water is migrating through the wall behind those ceramic tiles. It could very well be condensation that's formed frost in the wall over the course of the winter that's started melting now.
Normally, efflorescence is not harmful to masonary walls.
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