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(Damp and) Efflorescence issue - how to diagnose? (Ed.)

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Hi there. I bought my first house solo about 1.5yrs ago, and have no real DIY experience - looking for some guidance on this issue as I’m not even sure what kind of professional to call out. Though, of course I’ve been researching.

House is a Victorian terrace, with a ground floor extension that is much newer - but I am not sure of age. The ground floor extension has a small passage way, with a door to the yard, and a bathroom.

The internal wall of the passageway and bathroom is suffering with efflorescence. This wall backs onto my neighbours property, though they are not like for like extensions so I imagine they were not built at the same time.

There is a hip height horizontal mark across entire length of the affected section, and where paint has come away I can see there is a slight change in plaster. From googling, I suspect that this is from an old damp proofing course, and what I am seeing is the line where the new patch of plaster was applied.

Above the line, paint started to bubble with efflorescence and so I chipped away much of it in the bathroom (until it stopped coming away easily), which revealed bare plaster which was damp to touch. Since being paintless however, the plaster has visibly dried somewhat, but more efflorescence has come to the surface.

I haven’t done the same in the passageway but there is similar bubbling starting to happen.

My guess is this has been an issue prior, and they’ve shoved in damp proofing which I have learned from my research is often nonsense lol. So now there is continued issues, just further up the wall??

Anyway I don’t even know where to start with it to be honest. I’ve been trying to find a trader who could come inspect the whole thing but every company is so geared towards just selling damp proof courses, and I really want someone to come help investigate the cause.

There are a few things it could be:
1. There is a down pipe discharging onto the roof above, with the lip of the roof flashings bent, which could be allowing in water. I would suspect I would see damp marks on the ceiling if this is the case, but water doesn’t always travel straightforwardly

2. The wall affected has a radiator, pipes are under the concrete floor. A leak here could be rising through a breech and then effecting only above the damp course line

3. Leak on other side - wall backs onto neighbours kitchen. I have already asked them to investigate this though, they’re a council property and a housing association person did come and check everything over, so probably okay

4. Crap plastering job?? I say this because I’ve realised there are multiple places in this house where the plaster has blown. I wonder how much of this issue could be created or exacerbated just by that alone, particularly in a bathroom area.

Any advice on what to look out for, what order to diagnose this in, what pro to call in, or perhaps it’s obvious to you. Really would like to minimise this being a bit of a wild goose chase.

Thank you! x
 

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The true problem is the water in the wall, not efflorescence.

Is there a concrete floor, and is it damp?

What souces of water are nearby? Pipes, drains, gutters, downpipes?

If the wall is wetter at the bottom (disregarding any "damp proof" render intended to hide it) then I would be thinking about a leaking buried pipe, especially the cold water supply.

Stand back and take wider pics of the entire suspect wall, and the walls around it, and of the floor, ceiling, roof, nearby pipes, drains and manholes.

Where is the nearest bathroom and kitchen sink?
 
There is a hip height horizontal mark across entire length of the affected section, and where paint has come away I can see there is a slight change in plaster. From googling, I suspect that this is from an old damp proofing course, and what I am seeing is the line where the new patch of plaster was applied.

Maybe a previous owner noticed efflorescence and/or dampness in the lower parr of the wall, and had the affected areas replastered. They may or may not have injected some damp proofing cream lower down while doing that. Because they didn’t fix the root cause, you’re now seeing the same dampness higher up, in the part of the wall they didn’t replaster.

Photos of the roof and rainwater gutters / pipes could be useful, e.g. from the first floor window.
 
That is indicative of structural dampness - ie water within the wall coming out.

That horizontal line above the radiator, is that hard render or different plaster below it? It looks like some past rising damp treatment has been done and the bottom 900mm of wall rendered/plastered.

If there is a kitchen behind and pipes then that is a possibility. You can force the neighbour (landlord) to rectify dampness they are causing within 21 days and rectifying your damage too, by contacting the local council as they have powers to deal with this. You must be sure that it is caused by them though.

I would suggest that you let the neighbouring landlord do some work first by mentioning to them that you will allege Statutory Nuisance ( mention "section 82" as that will grab their attention) if they do not do a comprehensive survey and investigation to discount their property/tenant as the cause.
 
That is indicative of structural dampness - ie water within the wall coming out.

That horizontal line above the radiator, is that hard render or different plaster below it? It looks like some past rising damp treatment has been done and the bottom 900mm of wall rendered/plastered.

If there is a kitchen behind and pipes then that is a possibility. You can force the neighbour (landlord) to rectify dampness they are causing within 21 days and rectifying your damage too, by contacting the local council as they have powers to deal with this. You must be sure that it is caused by them though.

I would suggest that you let the neighbouring landlord do some work first by mentioning to them that you will allege Statutory Nuisance ( mention "section 82" as that will grab their attention) if they do not do a comprehensive survey and investigation to discount their property/tenant as the cause.
I believe it’s a different plaster below it. The line definitely overlaps with the plaster above and so appears newer.

The house next door is a council house. The tenants are lovely and did get someone out to check for a leak but it was fairly cursory my neighbour was unhappy with it, Council haven’t been very responsive to the idea of investigating further.

Given that the other most likely option seems to be a leak in my own pipes, is there potential value in a “trace and access” service? I imagine this would either confirm or discount a leak in my pipes, could it confirm the “direction” of the damp being next door if so?
 
That's a lot of damp, and too high from a pipe of yours to go unnoticed. What pipes do you have near that area, apart from the radiator pipes?
 
That's a lot of damp, and too high from a pipe of yours to go unnoticed. What pipes do you have near that area, apart from the radiator pipes?
It’s just the radiator, but the pipes are in the concrete floor (under Lino and then some kind of lining) so not something I can see. There is no other plumbing on that side - my bath, sink and loo are all plumbed into the opposite wall which has no problems.
 
Pics of roof above wall ? Does it have a parapet ?
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This is the roof above the affected wall. The affected wall is the long edge where the downpipe and horizontal flashings are. Inside, the efflorescence gets more severe from left to right (directly under where this pipe is is where it is least affected as far as I can see).
 

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I don’t actually know if the concrete floor is wet, it is under some lining and then lino, but this seems like a good step to investigate. I will pull it it up if need to but wonder if a moisture meter of some kind would be sufficient?

Rough diagram for you attached. The green area (passageway) has no plumbing, but is affected on the same wall - though less severely
 

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.. I will pull it it up if need to but wonder if a moisture meter of some kind would be sufficient?

I have a feeling the wet patches will be visible to the naked eye. Start beside the wet wall.

Exposing the whole floor may show where it is wettest, which may give a clue to the source.

Water supply pipes usually run to where the kitchen sink used to be when the house was built, and are prone to leak when 50 to 100 years old.

Kitchens and bathrooms are full of pipes and drains, looking at your diagram, the fault may well be next door.

If the two extensions were built at different times, there is a possibility of a roof or gutter leak between them. I don't know about the roof.
 
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The lead work on the roof is lifted, will deflect any heavy rain back to wall soaking it every time you get heavy rain . Lead work against wall looks short which won’t help .
Extend down pipe by around a 1/2metre to discharge into middle of roof .
Rain soaked walls will take many months to dry at lower levels.
Looks like cable may also help rain track back to wall above the lead.
 

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