The only machine I know like that is the new DW flip-over, and that's supposed to change speed automatically when you flip it over (I believe the chop saw mode runs the faster, but I might have that wrong). The only reason I can think of for maving multiple speeds on a table saw is to handle different materials such as aluminium, plastics, wood, etc. What are the speeds and what does the manual say? Also what make/model is it?
Well I'll give you the speed calculation I was taught at college:
R = 1000 * P / Pi * D
where R = rotation speed (rpm), P = required peripheral speed (m/min), Pi = 3.14 and D = diameter of blade (mm)
A saw working timber needs a peripheral speed of approximately 3000 m/min, therefore:
R = 1000 * 3000 / 3.14 * 254 = 3761 rpm
So for sawing wood your saw needs to run at approximately 3,700 rpm. It doesn't really matter if it's a bit above or below that at all. The lower speeds must be for plastics and aluminium.
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