They used to be! Red, white and blue (how patriotic!) were permitted as standard colours for three phase supplies up until 1966.
Yes, I chose to write red/white/blue as many of the d.c. to a.c. conversions were carried out during that era, but some would have been done after white changed to yellow.
Not that the electricity boards necessarily followed immediately, but the change for installations in the IEE Regs. specified yellow after 1st August 1964. White continued to be permitted for flexible cords & cables to 1st April 1971.
From 13th edition as amended to 1963, original 14th edition 1966, and revised 14th edition 1970:
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Yes, but 240V x 2 = 480V. Paul was talking about a 240-0-240 three-wire 'split phase' supply (which people don't like me calling '2-phase', even if that's what BS7671 now calls it!) which still exists in some places in the UK
Yes, 240/480V systems are still not at all unusual in rural areas; I can think of at least half a dozen such systems within a few miles of where I used to live. The majority of homes get a standard 2-wire 240-volt connection, but for exceptionally heavy loading you could bring in both poles of the supply on a 3-wire service, just to balance the load.
which is analogous to thy 120-0-120 supply which I believe is very common in the US.
Indeed, it's been the standard supply system for residential and light commercial service for many decades, except that here it's the norm for all properties to get the full 3-wire service so that heavier loads within the building can operate on 240V.