I'd suggest that it was an example of very poor wiring, which could become dangerous with normal handling, much more easily than the properly installed equivalent. While not immediate danger it should be corrected ASAP, before it becomes one.
However, as wired, it still requires 2 faults to become live,
1) the earth core to break, and
2) the exposed live wire (from the black core) to waggle a bit and touch the case.
If it were done nicely, with flex and a gland even if the earth core broke, no reasonable amount of waggling would make this happen.
The question is what is the likelihood of the dangerous double fault occurring before someone with a bit more nowse saw it and decided to re-do it, or before it went flash-bang and turned itself off.
In order of seriousness,
1) No cable grip at lamp
2) solid core cable where flexing is likely
3) overtrimmed insulation.
4) non-standard colours
(I know black is the new live, but paired with red I think most would still expect it to be neutral, at least for a couple of years to come.)
5) unsleeved earth.
For many developing countries this wiring quality would be the standard, but probably without the earth, making it only single fault to be dangerous, so I think it could (just) be worse than it is and still work for a while.
regards M.
Mind you I got a shock last night to find a socket in the kitchen reverse polarity -perhaps it was done by the same guy ! I'll be checking the other sockets in daylight at the weekend.
regards M.