"...The new, complex securities of "
structured finance" used to finance subprime mortgages could not have been sold without ratings by the "Big Three" rating agencies —
Moody's Investors Service, Standard & Poor's, and Fitch Ratings. A large section of the debt securities market — many
money markets and
pension funds — were restricted in their bylaws to holding only the safest securities — i.e securities the rating agencies designated
"triple-A".
[1] The pools of debt the agencies gave their highest ratings to
[2] included over three trillion dollars of
loans to homebuyers with bad credit and undocumented incomes through 2007.
[3] Hundreds of billions of dollars' worth of these triple-A securities were downgraded to "junk" status by 2010,
[1][4][5] and the writedowns and losses came to over half a trillion dollars.
[6][7] This led "to the collapse or disappearance" in 2008-9 of three major investment banks (
Bear Stearns,
Lehman Brothers, and
Merrill Lynch), and the federal governments
buying of $700 billion of bad debt from distressed financial institutions.
[7]"
I blame Labour, Brown, Putin, The Tories, Bin Laden, The Daily Rail and Fred Jones from down the road for the crises...