The way I see it there are a number of reasons an installation might need major wiring work, up to and including a full rewire.
1. Life expired rubber wiring, rubber cable has a finite lifetime and hasn't been used as a normal cable type for fixed installation for a long time (it is still used in flexible cables). This is unlikely to be a problem with a 1980s install, PVC had become the norm by then.
2. Changing regulations, This isn't too much of an issue with a 1980s install, you will want to change the CU to get RCD protection but other than that you should be fine.
3. Faulty materials, i'm sure this does happen from time to time but I don't think it's common with 80s installs,
4. Changing requirements, to some extent it can make sense to add to existing circuits, but there comes a point at which it is easier just to start from scratch. Especially if the work is being done in a single hit.
5. Horrible bodges, some installs may have been bodged from the start, but more commonly someone who is either ignorant of the regs, knows them but doesn't give a damn or knows them but reluctantly breaks them due to other pressures, gradually extends an installation, you end up with a bunch of crap. Spurs off spurs, undersized cables, missing earths, exposed (or worse burried in plaster) terminal blocks, inaccessible junctions, borrowed neutrals and so-on.
Item 5 is the real wildcard, an EICR is not a pancea, it will find some bodges, but it only inspects a small sample of the accessible parts ot the installation.