There are a lot of ways of wiring up central heating systems systems, so they are not all done the same. For DIY, the easiest way to install Nest is to remove the existing programmer and replace it with the Nest Heatlink The wires are then a straight swap from the existing programmer terminals, over to the terminals at the Heatlink that have exactly the same function. If you provide details of your existing programmer, no doubt someone will be able to advise further.
Rewiring from the wiring centre is best left to the professionals to do it from there you would need to know what every wire does and what is connected to the other end of each one.