I would say the answer is no.
The reason is because this:
If you imagine the canal is 10 miles long and a closed each end, , the total weight bearing down on the bottom of the canal is the weight of the water plus all the barges floating on the water (because the barges cause an increase in the water depth in the canal)
water finds its own level so the water displaced by a barge is spread over the whole 10 miles of the canal.
The weight of the barge in question adds to the overall weight in the canal, so the aqueduct does experience an increase in weight as a result of the barge in the canal, but it makes no difference where the barge is in relation to the aqueduct. Weight doesn’t increase when the barge passes over the aqueduct.