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Many LED lamps seem to have about 1/3 (or more) of the "body" occupied by "power supply" equipment and heat sinks, indicating that the are going to dissipate a (possibly) significant amount of heat.
However, LED lamps with what I may call a "LED Rod" (or "filament") construction have all the "electronics" contained in the "base" (B22 or E26), indicating that not much heat is produced.
While most of these lamps seem to be designed to look like ancient Edison "carbon filament" lamps, there are some which are "frosted", so that they appear much like an incandescent lamp. (Unfortunately, these "frosted" LED "filament" lamps seme not to be as common as they were even 12 months ago?)
Whenever I have placed a LED in an enclosed fitting I have used one of these types and, so far, have not had any failures.
Any LED die is typically only in the 15-25% efficacy range. For the most part you can assume the majority of power will be dissipated as heat, and there are further losses in the driver. The filament LEDs still dissipate the same amount of heat, just spread over a larger surface area.
Heatsinks are relatively vast because the LEDs need to remain <40C for long service life, however most of the time in consumer products the temperature is likely to be at least double.