For those interested in actual facts on NATO, here is a breakdown of the actual details:
Key messages on Russian myths
Did NATO promise not to build infrastructure in the new Allies, or to station
troops there? (The Founding Act can be read here)
No. In the 1997 NATO-Russia Founding Act, NATO agreed that, "in the current and foreseeable security environment", the Alliance would ensure the ability to carry out collective defence by maintaining "adequate infrastructure", rather than the "permanent stationing of substantial combat forces".
NATO has lived up to this fully. Working with the new Allies, we have ensured adequate infrastructure by upgrading, for example, air bases in Lithuania and Estonia. Russia has no cause to complain about this.
Furthermore, the Act specifically states that "reinforcement may take place, when necessary, in the event of defence against a threat of aggression and missions in support of peace consistent with the United Nations Charter and the OSCE governing principles". This is what the Alliance is now doing. We are taking legitimate steps to deal with the instability created by Russia’s illegitimate actions.
Did NATO promise not to deploy nuclear weapons on the territory of the new Allies?
In the Founding Act, Allies reiterated that “they have no intention, no plan and no reason to deploy nuclear weapons on the territory of new members.”
NATO has lived up to this, and has dramatically reduced the number, types, and readiness of nuclear weapons stationed in Europe and its reliance on nuclear weapons in NATO strategy.
At the same time, Russia maintains greater stockpiles of short-range nuclear weapons than NATO Allies
Did NATO promise not to expand into Eastern Europe in return for the reunification of Germany? (The Washington Treaty can be read here.)
No. NATO has never made any such promise. Russian leaders allege that individual politicians from Germany or the United States gave Russia informal verbal assurances that the Alliance would not expand. No documentary evidence of any kind has ever been produced to back up these allegations.
But regardless, the only way for NATO to make such a promise would be for all the members of the Alliance to agree it formally.
Article 10 of the North Atlantic Treaty - NATO’s founding document - states, “The Parties may, by unanimous agreement, invite any other European State in a position to further the principles of this Treaty and to contribute to the security of the North Atlantic
area to accede to this Treaty.” The only way to change that policy would be to change the treaty. No unrecorded, unwritten promises could possibly do so.
Moreover, these alleged promises were made in 1990, at the time of German reunification.
In 1990, the Warsaw Pact still existed, and it only dissolved in 1991. So the accession to NATO of Central and Eastern European countries was simply not on the cards at that time.
Russia agreed on enhanced cooperation with NATO in 1997, and again in 2002 - when enlargement was on the agenda. If Russia really had been given such promises, that would have been the time to invoke them - not ten years later. And far from trying to isolate Russia, NATO offered closer partnership at every step of the way.
Finally, the Founding Act states that all signatories, including Russia, will work with “the aim of creating in Europe a common space of security and stability, without dividing lines or spheres of influence limiting the sovereignty of any state” and respect “the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all states and their inherent right to choose the means to ensure their own security.” Russia pledged that; Russia should respect it.