unvented cyinder and calorifiers sold in this country are perfectly safe because they have meet some of the highest design standards in the world.
they are supplied with all the correct safety devices
unvented cylinders must be installed by G3 qualified and registered installers, all repairs and servicing must be undertaken by G3 qualified and registered installers.
an unvented cylinder is a pressure vessel and as such carries the danger that all pressure vessels carry.
so therefore they are fitted with safety devices that are designed to
FAIL SAFE
The problem with unvented hot water cylinders is that the water gets hot
and when water gets hot it expands,
so it will have an expansion vessel fitted.
because the expansion vessel might fail they then have a safety valve.
however the greatest danger with an unvented cylinder is that if the control and high limit stats failed the the temperature could rise to above 100 degree's C, as we know water turns to steam at that temp, and water from say a tap could turn to steam.
if the vessel were to rupture under such circumstances then as the water turned to steam then the rapid expansion to steam would cause an explosion.
so the vessel is pressure tested and certified to 15bar and batch tested to
30bar.
a pressure reducing valve is fitted to the inlet water to limit the pressure to 3bar.
so the next level of protection is by an ingenius device as pictured below.
this thing is The Temperature and Pressure Relief Valve It is pre-set to open at 7 bar (101.5 psi) and 90ºC.
what that in effect does is if the temperature exceeds 90c then it opens and a miracle happens
the hot water is released to waste and as a result of this cold water enters the vessel and cools the water down, preventing the water boiling.
very often and as in the case of the Megaflo this comes as a combined safety valve.
as for the question of has an unvented cylinder ever exploded in this country the answer is technically no..
however...
there was an off shore explosion on the 16th of april 2000
aboard a fishing vessel call the fleur de lys, it sank 18 miles off portland bill.
as a marine accident there was a board of enquiry and the results were published.
you can be sad like me and read it
http://www.maib.gov.uk/cms_resources/fleur-de-lys.pdf
the upshot is that the cylinder was fitted with out the safety devices and the cylinder shell was of inferior quality.