Its lucky for me then i have all the q & a to the exams. hoo hoo ho.
here,s a sample
1. a) i.) A 230 V single-phase circuit is protected by a 32 A gG fuse to BS 88 Part 2, the circuit being supplied by means of a 4 mm² two-core p.v.c.-insulated, armoured cable, the earth fault loop external to the circuit being 0.5 ohm.
It is proposed to use a 1.5 mm² p.v.c. insulated cable as a separate circuit protective conductor. The value of R1 + R2 for the circuit is 0.39 ohms and the value of k is 115.
Show by calculation, if the protective conductor is of adequate cross-section.
ii.) If the cross-sectional area of the circuit protective conductor is not calculated but selected from tabulated values, state the minimum acceptable value.
(6 marks)
b) i.) State ONE instance where it is permissible to increase the disconnection time of circuits supplying socket outlets to 5 s.
ii.) Data processing equipment may be protected by filter systems which produce leakage currents to earth in excess of 10 mA. List THREE ways of providing high integrity protection for such equipment.
(4 marks)
Answer 1
With respect to cables, it is invariably the minimum fault current that will result in the most onerous thermal constraint. Thus it would be prudent to consider the above R1+R2 value at operating temperature. Since the phase and cpc are separate and no information is available to let us determine individual resistance values, it might be reasonable to assume that both phase and cpc will be at 70degrees centigrade. (This is not the case as the cpc would normally be deemed to be at ambient temperature of 30 degrees centigrade.)
a) i)Thus; Zs=Ze+1.2(R1+R2) = 0.968
And If = Uoc/Zs
So If = 240/0.968 = 248A
(I used Uoc rather than Uo as it is generally accepted practice in such calculations).
From Appendix 3 for a 32A gG P2 BS88 fuse the disconnection time will be seen to be circa 0.25s
The adiabatic formula as it appears in 543-01-03 can now be used.
S ≥ √I²t/K
S ≥ √248x248x0.25/115 = 1.07
So the choice of a 1.5mm2 cpc complies with thermal constraints. However, it does not comply with the requirements of 543-03-01 which dictates minimum sizes of cpcs not incorporated in cables or not formed by conduit etc