To be strictly accurate the numeric value used as a factor of safety varies greatly accoirding to the situation.
1.4 & 1.6 are used fr respectively dead and live loads for steel and concrete using limit state design. Further factors are then applied to the material strengths
We'd use 3 typically for bearing pile design, (sometimes 2.5 dependant on pile type) and 10 IIRC for lift cables.
Sometimes the value is actualy zero, Ie the load is ignored
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