Jon, I THINK I have got it.
I have drawn out various permutations on paper.
The one I have in front of me is like this:
As you can see, I have made an assumption that the black on the downstairs landing switch is the feed. You will have to confirm this.
If the downstairs landing switch is off, then the strappers just form a big loop, running through Common and terminal 1 of the GF switch, then either stopping at terminal 1 on the upstairs switch if that switch is down or completing the loop if it is in the up position.
However, switch the downstairs landing switch on and you then have a feed through to the upstairs switch.
If the black wire in the downstairs landing switch is the live feed, then it should go to the common. The two reds then go to 1 and 2 in that switch.
In the upstairs switch, the wire in terminal 2 and the wire in the common terminal should be swapped round.
Of course, I may have it wrong. But start by checking to see if the black is a live feed. If it is, we may be onto something.