No. Not possible for brake debris to get under paint. The iron came directly from the factory.
Ah... always the conspiracy rather than the reality...
The mechanism is well understood, (well, by sane people, at any rate...)
Asbestos-free pads tend to contain ferrous compounds in the friction material. They're way harder than old style brake pads, hence the high disc wear rate these days. Ferrous particles from both the pad and the disc that make up part of the brake dust sit on the painted surface of the wheel and eat into the lacquer as they "rust", if the wheels aren't cleaned regularly.
But by all means, if you prefer to go with the sinister masked saboteur, sneaking round the aluminium foundry with his egg cup full of iron filings, intent on mischief, that's OK with me...
