As I said to Bernard, that's always been my understanding - that 'neutral' refers to fact that it is earthed (somewhere), rather than the fact (as will generally/often also be the case) that it is the 'mid point' of a multi-phase source. However, I've been known to be wrongGiven it's name I would say yes.
Indeed, give or take the issues you mention (if earth potential is also present) the functioning of the load only cares about (indeed, usually only knows about) the pd between the lines connected to it. In fact, it's not that different from a 3-phase load with no neutral - all the load knows about are the pds between the three lines (none of which are at/near neutral/earth potential), and knows nothing (and, generally, doesn't care) about what potential they are relative to earth (or neutral).The appliance (probably¹) doesn't care though - as long as it gets 230V between its two poles it will work. In theory, subject to arcing inside the machine to earthed components, and to any suppression circuitry, and operator safety, it would work if the terminals were connected to 2 lines at 1000V & 1230V wrt earth.
Kind Regards, John