No. On the contrary. You would, as you write, need two Ls for that (assuming that's what you meant) - MILL. MALL(road, not shopping centre) MOLL MULLI'm not so sure about the 'should not' - would not "milage" be pronounced "mill-aj" or "mill-age"?
A single consonant after a vowel means the long vowel - MILE. MALE MOLE MULE.
With Mileage, there is no need for the E - MILAGE. Mileage should be pronounced - MY LEEJ.
I can find no reason nor even consistency of explanation for Judgment for Judgement.
There is no reason to drop the E - either compared to similarly spelt words
nor if it derives from the French; JUGE, JUGER, JUGEMENT
where a following E makes the sound of G as a J.
It's not really possible to pronounce judgment properly.
It would seem to be another example of the dreaded evolution.
Evolution (of language)
n.
The legitimising of errors by the majority.