Yes, satellites can measure the amount of heat trapped by CO2, and other greenhouse gases. They do this by detecting the infrared radiation that Earth emits and measuring how much is absorbed by the atmosphere. Specifically, satellites can measure the spectrum of outgoing infrared radiation, allowing scientists to identify and quantify the amount of radiation trapped by CO2 and other gases.
Here's a more detailed explanation:
- Infrared Radiation:
Earth's surface emits infrared radiation (heat) into space. Greenhouse gases, like CO2, absorb some of this infrared radiation.
- Satellite Measurement:
Satellites equipped with radiometers and spectrometers can detect and measure the amount of infrared radiation escaping Earth's atmosphere.
- Absorption Bands:
Different gases have specific absorption bands in the infrared spectrum, meaning they absorb infrared radiation at certain wavelengths. CO2 has a strong absorption band centered at a wavelength of 15 micrometers.
- Measuring Heat Trapping:
By comparing the amount of infrared radiation that Earth emits with the amount that escapes into space, scientists can determine how much heat is being trapped by the atmosphere, particularly by greenhouse gases like CO2.